Reducing Sludge in a Wastewater Lagoon

by City of Sparta, GA

Background

The City of Sparta, Georgia George F. Green Water Reclamation Facility was built in 1990. Since its creation, the ponds had never been dredged. Amanda Martin Akins joined the City of Sparta in April 2022 and took over the Wastwater facility in May 22, 2022. She began making operational changes to the facility in Mid-May 2022 and hired additional staff. The ponds had limited aerators and the few that did work tripped out constantly due to electrical issues and clogs. The ponds showed signs of extreme distress and had sludge levels over the recommended
optimal operation (7 ft of sludge in 8 ft of water). In June 2022, staff began to bring additional aerators online and repaired the existing aerators where possible. Staff decided to look into alternatives to compact/reduce sludge to extend the life of the pond until a grant for dredging became available (estimated over $500,000 for removal, drying, testing, etc). The pond would then need to be reseeded after the dredging as well.

Lagoon Information

Lagoon 1 (Treated)

Lagoon 2 (Untreated)

Surface Area

2.12 acres
2.78 acres

Lagoon Depth

8 ft
10 ft

Volume

1.76 mil gal
5.16 mil gal

Recommended Detention

3.23 days
3.23 days

Lagoon 1 was split into two ‘cells’ and each cell was dosed with 60# of SludgeRx four times over the course of the trial.

Lagoon 2 was left untreated as it started with only 0.5 to 1 foot of sludge.

Timeline

Sludge Rx was applied to Sparta, GA’s wastewater lagoon once monthly, 4 times. Twice in Fall of 2021 and twice in early Spring of 2022.

Data was collected before, during, and after the treatment period. Results showed an average of 1.93 feet of sludge was removed from the lagoon system.

Date

2/11/2020
7/13/2021
8/1/2021
10/18/2021
11/16/2021
12/2021
12/22/2021
1/2022
2/28/2022
3/28/2022
4/18/2022
8/5/2022

Event

Initial sludge judge levels
Initial jar testing
Sludge judge levels
1st SludgeRX application
2nd SludgeRx application
Break due to low temperature
Sludge judge levels
Break due to low temperature
3rd SludgeRx application
4th Sludge Rx application
Depth finder levels
Sludge judge levels

Abstract

Due to the simplistic design and ease of operation, wastewater lagoons are one of the most common forms of wastewater treatment. These lagoons are efficient in nutrient removal while presenting minimal operational challenges. However, the one issue that operators do face, is the build up of stored solids, in the form of wastewater sludge.

Sludge—whether it’s in a lagoon, oxidation ditch, or aerator—is a rich source of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and all the nutrients at the bottom that make up the “internal nutrient reservoir.” These nutrients are released fastest when waters are warm in the summer. Once the sludge gets a few inches thick anoxic—or anaerobic—activity begins, which releases soluble reactive phosphate, ammonia, and nitrates.

Sludge buildup, over time, presents the operator with one of two options; dredge or treat biologically. The former is often very costly, especially when most lagoons can be found in rural, small-town communities with limited access to resources. Meanwhile, the latter, as you will see in the following study, has been proven to be a much more cost-effective solution.

One such example is the city of Sparta, Georgia. The operator had found out about Aquafix at their previous position at another municipality where they had sought out potential treatment options for their clarifiers as they were having algae buildup. Aquafix was one of the companies they tested products for, and they were impressed with the results. When that operator then came to Sparta and was having issues with sludge buildup, they decided to partner with Aquafix once more as prices were reasonable and the treatments tested well in the past. Sparta operators pulled samples from their lagoon and performed a jar test using Sludge Rx. Initial testing indicated they should see a positive reduction in the ponds, and so they took advantage of Aquafix’s lagoon research program.

Partnering with Aquafix allowed Sparta, Georgia, small community with limited resources, successfully incorporate the innovative biosciences Aquafix provides to remediate their wastewater lagoon.

Treated Lagoon Data Points (sludge depth in feet)

Collection Point

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Average

8/1/2021

7
5
5
7
8
4
5
6
Average

12/22/2021

7
5
5.5
7
6
4
5
6
Average

4/18/2022

6.5
4.5
6
7
4
4
5
7
Average

8/5/2022

3.25
4.5
4.75
3.75
4
4
3.75
4.75
Average

Total Reduction

3.75
0.5
0.25
3.25
4.0
0
1.25
1.25
1.78

Control Lagoon Data Points (sludge depth in feet)

Collection Point

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Average

8/1/2021

3
4
4
2
0.5
2.5
3
4
3
2.5
Average

12/22/2021

3
3
3
3
0.5
2.5
2.5
3
3
2.5
Average

4/18/2022

2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
0.5
2.5
2
2
2
2.5
Average

8/5/2022

2.5
2.25
2.75
2
0.5
2.5
2.25
1.5
2.75
2.5
Average

Total Reduction

0.5
1.75
1.25
0
0
0
0.75
2.5
0.25
0
0.7

Lagoon BOD Removal

MM/YYYY

06/2021
07/2021
08/2021
09/2021
10/2021
11/2021
12/2021
01/2022
02/2022
03/2022
04/2022
05/2022
06/2022
07/2022
2021 Average
2022 Average
Total Change

SludgeRx Treatment?

-
-
-
-
Yes
Yes
-
-
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

Influent BOD

109
171
156
296
238
217
224
209.5
198
268
244
216.5
220
204.3
201.6
222.9
+20.1??

Effluent BOD

54.35
30.7
25.8
14.5
30
18.3
14.4
13
23.8
42.1
30.3
17.5
16.1
20.8
26.9
23.37
-3

BOD Removal Efficiency

50%
82%
83%
95%
87%
92%
94%
94%
88%
84%
88%
92%
93%
90%
83%
90%
+7%
Average BOD Removal (bars)
Average Sludge Depth (line)

Fecal Coliforms (colonies per 100 mL)

MM/YYYY

06/2021
07/2021
08/2021
09/2021
10/2021
11/2021
12/2021
01/2022
02/2022
03/2022
04/2022
05/2022
06/2022
07/2022
2021 Average
2022 Average
Total Change

SludgeRx Treatment?

-
-
-
-
Yes
Yes
-
-
Yes
Yes
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

”Influent

Effluent

-
-
280
460
-
-
1400
-
-
82
-
-
256
-
713.3
169
-544.3

Summary

After treating for four non-consecutive months, the city of Sparta’s lagoon system demonstrated Sludge Rx’s efficacy in improving wastewater treatment. Sludge levels were reduced by an average of 1.93 feet, with a reduction of almost 5 feet in certain areas. BOD removal was increased from 83% to 90%. Fecal coliforms were reduced to a quarter of the amount contained in the lagoon prior to treatment. Qualitative results were also successfully demonstrated. Water quality was improved, and algae blooms were greatly reduced